Hängig apistogramma macmasteri

[{_AquA_}]

Hei

Tilførsel av salt i akvariet med dine Apistogramma agassizii kan føre til osmose ubalanse i fisken og den blir stresset, og begynner å klø/skrape seg mot ting i akvariet.

Hilsen
RHD

Jag har Apistogramma cacatuoides som klarat samma saltmängd. 2 DL på 720 liter är inte mkt

[kaj.p]

Fart66 Jag har läst tvärtom dvs att salt har en lugnande effekt på fisken. Om kan kollar på olika undersökningar så tar förbrukas 20-50 procent av fiskens energi av just osmospumpen. När man då saltar upp så minskar man trycket på denna pump vilket gör att fisken kan lägga denna energi på annat istället.

Osmosen definieras av Merriam-Webster som "reglering av det osmotiska trycket i kroppen av en levande organism." Benfiskar använder ständigt stora mängder energi för att bevara den känsliga balansen i salthalten i sin egen kropp som gör det möjligt för dem att överleva. Du och jag är inte så olika, salthalt är bräckligt balanserad inom människor och drastiskt påverka vår egen överlevnad också. Olika studier av äkta benfiskars osmotiska energiförbrukning har rapporterats under årens lopp, vanligtvis använder äkta benfiskar fisk från 20% till 50% av sin energi för osmos reglering. Andra nyare källor hävdar att det kan bara vara ca 10%.
Om du tänker på det, fiskar som i naturen lever i ett mycket mjukt vatten måste lägga ned mycket energi för att behålla de salter som håller dem vid liv. Om inte vandra dessa livsnödvändiga salter ut deras genomsläppliga hud, detta är resultatet av osmos och när naturen försöker behålla sin eget jämnvikt.
Och så klart påverkas också fis ämnesomsättning beroende på hur mycket energi som går åt till den osmotiska energiförbrukningen.Boeuf G, Payan P. “How should salinity influence fish growth?” Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2001 Dec

[fart66]

Hei Kaj.p

Meget mulig jeg har misforstått.

Her er ett utdrag av det jeg har lest (og mulig misforstått) (link til hele artikkelen)
---utdrag fra artikkel linket over-----
Ok so we know a bit about TDS and Conductivity. What does that mean to the Aquarist? Zoos
and public aquariums will all agree that when you keep captive animals you need to have an environment as
close as possible to the natural environment that the species come from. With tropical fish it is no different.
Rainforest species must have a water uality of a rain forest. Lake Species from the Rift Lakes in Africa have a
water quality much different than rain forest species. Ok we need to get from conductivity to TDS to Osmotic
pressure. Osmotic pressure is the hydrostatic pressure produced by a difference in concentration between
solutions on the two sides of a surface such as a semi permeable membrane or cell (Ed: or for instance the cell
on the gill of a freshwater fish and the surrounding water). Osmotic pressure also occurs in and around
freshwater fish as they must keep on osmoregulating . . . spending much energy retaining salts and excreting
water. Ok . . . we tested the tap water (Ed: Sarasota, Fl) that we filled a 10 gallon tank with. The conductivity
was 670 μS (MicroSiemens): 670 x (multiply) by .64 (We do not have a conversion from Sarasota Water
Dept.) 670 X .64 = gives us an approximate TDS value of 428.80 mg/l or ppm. Now we take the TDS and
divide it by 100 to get the Osmotic Pressure: 428.80÷100=4.28 lbs per square inch Osmotic Pressure. Some
fish species can tolerate higher Conductivity, TDS and Osmotic Pressures than others in comparison to their
natural habitat. What makes matters worse, though, is when aquarium salt and other additives are added to the
aquarium . . . not only does the conductivity increase but now the ions that were in balance in the natural water
(tap water or water source) are completely out of balance. To explain this better ionic imbalance occurs when
Chloride and or Sodium become the major cations or anions in water. then it becomes imbalanced and
unnatural. If you look at just about all fresh waters with very few exceptions it is calcium and or magnesium
that are the major cations and sulfate, alkalinity/bicarbonate/ carbonate are the major anoins. Even in Lake
Tanganyika which is the biggest exception to the freshwater rule the principle cation is magnesium and the
major anion is bicarbonate/carbonate. These ions even though they are water soluble they are much less soluble
than the chloride and sodium ions. All aquarium additives have one thing in common, included in their products
are chloride and sodium. It is the chloride ion then the sodium ion that are taken in by the freshwater fish due to
there water solubility. When these ions are so numerous and are the chief cations and anions in an aquarium, the
freshwater fish is under much stress osmoregulating thus spending much energy as chloride and sodium are
being taken up. Freshwater fish are hyperosmotic which means that they have to maintain a higher
concentration of salts in their body then the surrounding water. Then, if that fish is moved to waters with lower
chloride and lower sodium and naturally a lower conductivity then it is stressed further as water naturally moves
to the higher ionic concentration (4). When I was with Wardley/Hartz we analyzed competitor’s products as we
were looking for a product to compete with other conditioners. We tested them by analyzing blood work on fish
after using specific products we saw that after 72 hours the Cortisol (Cortisol is an indicator of stress it is found
in the blood it is released as a response to stress) levels started to increase rapidly. One of the most
characteristic aspects of stress in fish is osmoregulatory disturbance, which is related to the effects of both
catecholamine and cortisol hormones. The extent of the disturbance following stress depends upon the ionic and
osmotic gradients (difference) between the internal fluids of the fish and its surrounding environment (water). If
the stress is persistent and of sufficient intensity, changes in the cellular structure of the gills may occur under
the influence of cortisol. In this situation, increased death and turnover rates of branchial epithelial cells leads to
accelerated aging of the gills. These degenerating and newlyformed gill cells do not function normally, which
further limits the fish’s ability to maintain water and ion homeostasis under stressful conditions. Thus, acute
stress limits the fish’s capacity to osmoregulate, and prolonged periods of extreme stress may result in osmotic
shock and death. This is especially true if the chloride and sodium ions are present in such abundance that they
become the major anions and cations in the water superseding calcium, magnesium as the cations and
alkalinity/carbonate/bicarbonate and sulfates as the anions Even though the conductivity will always increase in
an enclosed environment it is the chloride ion then the sodium ion that are usually the culprits. That is especially
true if the chloride anion along with the sodium cation increase to the point that they are now the most abundant
of both the cations and anions. I would get calls when stores where having problems with aquarium fish stock.
The first thing the stores would do would be to blame it on the supplier without looking at their own aquarium
set up. There was an issue with a Wal-Mart store in Fayetteville, Arkansas back in 1996. They had major die
offs with a week after receiving the shipment – I requested 2 samples of their water. The first sample was to
have been from the tap water and the second from the aquariums (they were on a central system).

God Jul alle sammen
Hilsen
RHD